Oil and Gas Terms Beginning with “G” — Page 3

A gather is a display of seismic traces grouped together because they share a common acquisition parameter, and it is the working unit of nearly every step in seismic data processing. Raw seismic data arrives from the… Read more →

The pipes used to transport oil and gas from a field to the main pipeline in the area. Read more →

What Is a Gathering System? Gathering system (also called a gas gathering system , crude gathering network , or field gathering infrastructure ) is the network of small-diameter pipelines, compressor stations, metering… Read more →

A gauge hole in drilling operations refers to a wellbore that is essentially the same diameter as the bit that was used to drill it — providing the operational standard against which actual drilled wellbore diameter is… Read more →

The measured pressure within a system in which the pressure gauge reads 0 psi at nominal atmospheric pressure. Read more →

A gauge ring (also called a drift ring or drift mandrel in some usage contexts) is a precisely machined cylindrical tool fabricated from steel or other durable material, having a specified external diameter equal to the… Read more →

A gauge tank is a small, precisely calibrated surface tank used to measure the volume of fluid pumped into or returned from a well during stimulation, cementing, acidizing, gravel packing, and other treatments where… Read more →

A name used to refer to one of the gel-strength numbers. Read more →

Gel strength is the shear stress, measured in lb/100 ft2 or Pascals, that develops in a drilling fluid after it has been allowed to set quiescently for a defined period, quantifying the fluid's ability to suspend… Read more →

The process of a mud becoming "gelled-up" or developing high gel strength. Read more →

Gelled-up mud is a drilling fluid that has developed excessive static gel strength during a period of no circulation (such as a connection, a trip, or an unplanned shutdown), causing the mud to thicken into a semi-solid… Read more →

Gelled-up mud is a drilling fluid that has developed excessive static gel strength during a period of no circulation (such as a connection, a trip, or an unplanned shutdown), causing the mud to thicken into a semi-solid… Read more →

In drilling-mud terminology, "gels" refers to the two gel-strength readings that describe how thick a mud becomes when it sits still. Mud rheology is measured with a Fann VG meter, an instrument that rotates a cylinder… Read more →

Generation, in petroleum geology, refers to the thermochemical process by which organic matter buried within source rocks is converted into hydrocarbons — oil, gas, or both — through the application of heat and pressure… Read more →

What Is a Geochemical Log? A geochemical log is a formation evaluation measurement that uses neutron-induced gamma ray spectroscopy to determine the elemental composition (silicon, calcium, iron, aluminium, sulphur,… Read more →

Geochemistry is the study of the chemical composition of the Earth and other solid planetary bodies, including the distribution, abundance, and cycling of chemical elements through rocks, fluids, and organic matter —… Read more →

Geochronology is the science of determining the absolute age of rocks, minerals, and geological events using the known rates of radioactive decay of unstable isotopes in the rock record, providing the quantitative time… Read more →

A geologic map is a map showing the spatial distribution, type, and orientation of rocks exposed at or near the Earth's surface, in which rock formations are differentiated by color-coding and symbols that communicate… Read more →

The geologic time scale is the chronological chart of the stages and ages of events in Earth's history, from the planet's initial formation approximately 4.6 billion years ago to the present day, constructed on the… Read more →

A geologist in the petroleum industry is a scientist trained to read the rocks underground and figure out where oil and gas can accumulate. The job covers everything from picking exploration targets in deep ocean basins… Read more →

The study of the Earth-its history, structure, composition, life forms and the processes that continue to change it. Read more →

A geomagnetic polarity reversal is a global event in which Earth's magnetic dipole field changes orientation so that the north and south magnetic poles exchange positions, with the reversal record preserved in the… Read more →

The Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) is the chronological record of reversals in the polarity of Earth's magnetic field, encoded in the magnetic signatures of oceanic basalt crust formed at mid-ocean ridges and in… Read more →

What Is Geomechanics in Oil and Gas? Geomechanics is the application of rock mechanics and continuum mechanics principles to the behaviour of rock formations under subsurface stress conditions — encompassing wellbore… Read more →

Geometric, in the context of electromagnetic and electrical geophysical surveying, pertains to varying the survey geometry, the spacing and configuration of transmitter and receiver, while holding the operating… Read more →

What Is a Geometrical Factor? A geometrical factor characterises how a logging tool's measured signal is weighted spatially as a function of distance from the tool, expressing the fractional contribution of any volume… Read more →

A geophone is a transducer used in surface seismic acquisition (both onshore and on the seabed offshore in ocean bottom seismic surveys) that detects the velocity of ground particle motion produced by seismic waves and… Read more →

The distance between geophones or the centers of groups of geophones. Read more →

A geophysicist in the oil and gas industry is a professional who applies the principles of physics to the study of the Earth's subsurface structure, stratigraphy, and physical properties — interpreting quantitative… Read more →

Geophysics is the scientific discipline that applies the principles and methods of physics to study the Earth's interior, structure, composition, and physical processes through the measurement, analysis, and… Read more →