Oil and Gas Terms Beginning with “G” — Page 3

A display of seismic traces that share an acquisitionparameter, such as a common midpoint gather, which contains traces having a common midpoint. Read more →

The pipes used to transport oil and gas from a field to the main pipeline in the area. Read more →

The flowline network and process facilities that transport and control the flow of oil or gas from the wells to a main storage facility, processing plant or shipping point. A gathering system includes pumps, headers,… Read more →

A wellbore that is essentially the same diameter as the bit that was used to drill it. It is common to find well-consolidated sandstones and carbonate rocks that remain gauge after being drilled. For clays, it is common… Read more →

The measured pressure within a system in which the pressure gauge reads 0 psi at nominal atmospheric pressure. Read more →

A precisely machined test device, typically fabricated from steel or similar durable material, having a specified internal or external diameter. The gauge ring is used to confirm the dimensional compatibility of tools… Read more →

A small tank with accurate volume markings used to measure flow into or out of a well. Treatments that require accurate volume tracking of fluids, such as squeezecementing, generally use a gauge tank to measure fluid… Read more →

A name used to refer to one of the gel-strength numbers. Read more →

The shear stress measured at low shear rate after a mud has set quiescently for a period of time (10 seconds and 10 minutes in the standard API procedure, although measurements after 30 minutes or 16 hours may also be… Read more →

The process of a mud becoming "gelled-up" or developing high gel strength. Read more →

A mud that is excessively viscous, having high gel strengths and high yield point. A gelled-up mud may not be pumpable without exceeding limits on pump pressure. Often caused by excessive solids content, especially… Read more →

A mud that is excessively viscous, having high gel strengths and high yield point. A gelled-up mud may not be pumpable without exceeding limits on pump pressure. Often caused by excessive solids content, especially… Read more →

Jargon referring to the two gel-strength values for a mud. The 10-second and 10-minute "gels," often written as one number over the other. For example, 6/16 means 6 lb/100 ft2 and is 10-second gel, and 16 lb/100 ft2 is… Read more →

The formation of hydrocarbons from a source rock as bitumen forms from kerogen and accumulates as oil or gas. Generation depends on three main factors: the presence of organic matter rich enough to yield hydrocarbons,… Read more →

A log of elemental concentrations from which the geochemistry of the formation may be derived. Several logs provide information on elemental weight concentrations: natural gamma ray spectroscopy, elemental capture… Read more →

The study of the chemistry of the Earth and within solid bodies of the solar system, including the distribution, circulation and abundance of elements (and their ions and isotopes), molecules, minerals, rocks and… Read more →

The study of the relative or absolute age of rocks, minerals and fossils. Absolute age is the measurement of age in years, but "absolute" ages typically have some amount of error and are inexact. Relative age, in… Read more →

A map showing the type and spatial distribution of rocks at the surface of the Earth. Rock formations are color-coded and symbols for geological structures are annotated, so age relationships are evident. Topographic… Read more →

A chronological chart of the stages and ages of events in the history of the Earth, from its initial formation to present, that has been constructed on the basis of the rock record. As is the typical natural position of… Read more →

A scientist trained in the study of the Earth. In the petroleum industry, geologists perform a wide variety of functions, but typically generate prospects and interpret data such as maps, well logs, outcrops, cuttings,… Read more →

The study of the Earth-its history, structure, composition, life forms and the processes that continue to change it. Read more →

The periodic switching of the magnetic north and south poles of the Earth throughout time, probably as a result of movement of fluid within the Earth's core. The onset and duration of the many episodes of reversed… Read more →

A record of the onset and duration of the multitude of episodes of reversal of the Earth's magnetic polarity, or geomagnetic polarity reversals. The GPTS was developed by thorough study of rocks from around the world,… Read more →

What Is Geomechanics in Oil and Gas? Geomechanics is the application of rock mechanics and continuum mechanics principles to the behaviour of rock formations under subsurface stress conditions — encompassing wellbore… Read more →

Pertaining to variation of the survey geometry while maintaining the frequency of electromagnetic surveying. In contrast, parametric pertains to keeping frequency the same while varying the geometry. Read more →

The response of a logging measurement as a function of distance from the tool. The geometrical factor can be radial, reflecting the response perpendicular to the tool; vertical, reflecting the response along the tool… Read more →

A device used in surface seismicacquisition, both onshore and on the seabed offshore, that detects ground velocity produced by seismic waves and transforms the motion into electrical impulses. Geophones detect motion in… Read more →

The distance between geophones or the centers of groups of geophones. Read more →

A scientist trained in the study of the physics of the Earth, particularly its electrical, gravitational and magnetic fields and propagation of elastic (seismic) waves within it. In the petroleum industry, geophysicists… Read more →

The study of the physics of the Earth, especially its electrical, gravitational and magnetic fields and propagation of elastic (seismic) waves within it. Geophysics plays a critical role in the petroleum industry… Read more →